Moon & Seasons Calendar
Moon phases, full moon names, the Wheel of the Year and festivals from around the world. Choose what to show, then print.
Times are shown for UTC.
Moon & Seasons 2053
New
First quarter
Full
Last quarter
Wheel of the Year
Astrology
Celtic fire festivals
East Asian lunar festivals
Hindu festivals
Jewish holidays
Islamic holidays
World & goddess festivals
January
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February
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March
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April
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May
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June
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July
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August
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September
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October
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November
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December
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Moon phases. Moon phases are calculated from the Moon's and Sun's positions and shown in your time zone. Full moon names follow the Old Farmer's Almanac, which draws on Algonquin and other Native American names as well as Colonial American and European folklore; they follow Northern Hemisphere seasons.
Wheel of the Year. The solstices and equinoxes are calculated for your time zone. The four fire festivals use their traditional dates, with the astronomical midpoint (when the Sun is halfway between solstice and equinox) given in the notes. Ostara, Litha and Mabon are modern pagan names, given in the 1970s.
Astrology. Sign seasons begin when the Sun enters each sign of the tropical zodiac. A cazimi is the moment a classical planet (Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter or Saturn) is exactly in line with the Sun. Aspects are exact conjunctions (0°), squares (90°), trines (120°) and oppositions (180°) between Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune and Pluto. Times are in your time zone. Checked against NASA JPL’s Horizons system for 1900–02, 2020–27 and 2097–99, they came within 15 minutes for sign seasons and cazimis, and within 95 minutes for the slow-planet aspects, which move so slowly against each other that a tiny difference in position adds up to a long time.
Celtic fire festivals. Traditional Irish customs around the fire festivals, which begin on the evening before.
East Asian lunar festivals. Calculated from the Chinese lunisolar calendar in China time. Korea and Vietnam use the same calendar, but their dates can occasionally differ by a day.
Hindu festivals. Dates for New Delhi, following the Drik Panchang almanac; they can differ by a day in other places and traditions. Listed for 2026–2030.
Jewish holidays. Calculated from the Hebrew calendar. Each holiday begins at sundown on the evening before the date shown.
Islamic holidays. Expected dates from the Umm al-Qura calendar. Actual dates can move by a day depending on the sighting of the new moon, and differ between countries. Each begins at sundown on the evening before.
World & goddess festivals. Folk festivals and days connected to goddesses in our encyclopedia.
Hindu festival dates are currently listed for 2026–2030 only.
moon-data.com · UTC · Northern Hemisphere
January 2053
Wolf Moon · 4 Jan
| Sun | Mon | Tue | Wed | Thu | Fri | Sat |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 Wolf Moon 5:45 PM | |||
| 5 | 6 | 7 Mercury cazimi 1:06 PM | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 Last Quarter 6:09 PM |
| 12 | 13 Saturn square Neptune 12:03 PM | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 |
| 19 New Moon 11:12 PM Aquarius season 3:00 PM | 20 Lunar New Year | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 |
| 26 | 27 First Quarter 1:41 PM | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 Brigid's Eve |
- 4 Jan Wolf Moon (5:45 PM). Named for wolves heard howling in the cold of midwinter.
- 7 Jan Mercury cazimi (1:06 PM). Mercury is exactly in line with the Sun. Traditionally a planet this close to the Sun is called cazimi, “in the heart of the Sun”; how close counts varies between traditions, from about 16 or 17 arcminutes to about a degree.
- 13 Jan Saturn square Neptune (12:03 PM). Saturn and Neptune are exactly 90° apart. Exact 3 times as one of them moves back and forth: 04/01/2052, 07/06/2052, 01/13/2053; this is number 3.
- 19 Jan Aquarius season (3:00 PM). The Sun moves into Aquarius, beginning Aquarius season.
- 20 Jan Lunar New Year. The Spring Festival begins the Year of the Rooster, with family feasts, red envelopes and fireworks.
- 31 Jan Brigid's Eve. Oíche Fhéile Bríde: rush crosses are woven, and a cloth or ribbon is left outside for Brigid to bless.
February 2053
Snow Moon · 3 Feb
| Sun | Mon | Tue | Wed | Thu | Fri | Sat |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Imbolc St Brigid's Day | ||||||
| 2 Festa de Iemanjá | 3 Snow Moon 4:57 AM Lantern Festival | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 |
| 9 | 10 Last Quarter 1:49 PM | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 |
| 16 | 17 | 18 New Moon 4:31 PM Pisces season 5:00 AM | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 |
| 23 Saturn cazimi 3:38 AM Mercury cazimi 9:58 AM | 24 | 25 First Quarter 10:09 PM | 26 | 27 | 28 |
- 1 Feb Imbolc. The first stirrings of spring, sacred to Brigid and honored with candles and rush crosses. Astronomical Imbolc: 02/03/2053, 9:13 AM. Learn more
- 1 Feb St Brigid's Day. Lá Fhéile Bríde, the feast of Ireland's St Brigid, whose traditions blend with those of the goddess. Learn more
- 2 Feb Festa de Iemanjá. In Salvador, Bahia, crowds in white bring flowers and gifts to the sea for Iemanjá. Learn more
- 3 Feb Snow Moon (4:57 AM). Named for the heavy snows that often fall in February.
- 3 Feb Lantern Festival. The first full moon of the lunar year, celebrated with glowing lanterns and riddles.
- 18 Feb Pisces season (5:00 AM). The Sun moves into Pisces, beginning Pisces season.
- 23 Feb Saturn cazimi (3:38 AM). Saturn is exactly in line with the Sun. Traditionally a planet this close to the Sun is called cazimi, “in the heart of the Sun”; how close counts varies between traditions, from about 16 or 17 arcminutes to about a degree.
- 23 Feb Mercury cazimi (9:58 AM). Mercury is exactly in line with the Sun. Traditionally a planet this close to the Sun is called cazimi, “in the heart of the Sun”; how close counts varies between traditions, from about 16 or 17 arcminutes to about a degree.
March 2053
Worm Moon · 4 Mar
| Sun | Mon | Tue | Wed | Thu | Fri | Sat |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Matronalia | ||||||
| 2 Jupiter trine Saturn 9:01 AM | 3 | 4 Worm Moon 5:10 PM Purim | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 |
| 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 Last Quarter 10:22 AM | 13 | 14 | 15 |
| 16 Venus cazimi 11:07 AM | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 New Moon 7:12 AM Ostara 3:43 AM Aries season 3:43 AM | 21 | 22 |
| 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 First Quarter 4:50 AM | 28 | 29 |
| 30 | 31 |
- 1 Mar Matronalia. Roman festival of Juno Lucina, when husbands gave gifts to their wives. Learn more
- 2 Mar Jupiter trine Saturn (9:01 AM). Jupiter and Saturn are exactly 120° apart. Exact 5 times as one of them moves back and forth: 11/25/2052, 03/02/2053, 10/04/2053, 07/08/2054, 07/27/2054; this is number 2.
- 4 Mar Worm Moon (5:10 PM). Named for the earthworms and beetle larvae that appear as the ground thaws.
- 4 Mar Purim. Celebrating Esther's rescue of the Jewish people, with costumes, gifts and a reading of the Megillah. Begins at sundown the evening before.
- 16 Mar Venus cazimi (11:07 AM). Venus is exactly in line with the Sun. Traditionally a planet this close to the Sun is called cazimi, “in the heart of the Sun”; how close counts varies between traditions, from about 16 or 17 arcminutes to about a degree.
- 20 Mar Ostara (3:43 AM). Spring equinox. Day and night in balance as spring begins. The name comes from Bede's Eostre, a goddess of spring.
- 20 Mar Aries season (3:43 AM). The Sun moves into Aries, beginning Aries season.
April 2053
Pink Moon · 3 Apr
| Sun | Mon | Tue | Wed | Thu | Fri | Sat |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 3 Pink Moon 6:23 AM Passover | 4 Qingming | 5 | ||
| 6 | 7 Guanyin's birthday | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 Last Quarter 6:05 AM | 12 |
| 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 New Moon 6:49 PM | 19 Taurus season 2:24 PM |
| 20 Ramadan begins* | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 First Quarter 11:03 AM | 26 |
| 27 | 28 Uranus trine Neptune 6:33 PM | 29 | 30 May Eve Walpurgis Night |
- 3 Apr Pink Moon (6:23 AM). Named for the pink wild ground phlox, one of the first flowers of spring.
- 3 Apr Passover. Pesach remembers the exodus from Egypt, beginning with the Seder meal. Begins at sundown the evening before.
- 4 Apr Qingming. Tomb-Sweeping Day, when families tend their ancestors' graves and enjoy the spring.
- 7 Apr Guanyin's birthday. Celebrated on the 19th day of the second lunar month. Learn more
- 19 Apr Taurus season (2:24 PM). The Sun moves into Taurus, beginning Taurus season.
- 20 Apr Ramadan begins. The month of fasting from dawn to sunset, prayer and charity. Begins at sundown the evening before. May vary by a day.
- 28 Apr Uranus trine Neptune (6:33 PM). Uranus and Neptune are exactly 120° apart. Exact 7 times as one of them moves back and forth: 11/18/2051, 03/18/2052, 10/19/2052, 04/28/2053, 09/20/2053, 06/22/2054, 08/06/2054; this is number 4.
- 30 Apr May Eve. Oíche Bhealtaine: hawthorn and May flowers are hung at doors, and fires are lit to welcome summer.
- 30 Apr Walpurgis Night. Bonfires across northern and central Europe on the eve of May Day.
May 2053
Flower Moon · 2 May
| Sun | Mon | Tue | Wed | Thu | Fri | Sat |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Beltane | 2 Flower Moon 8:25 PM | 3 Mercury cazimi 8:52 AM | ||||
| 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 Last Quarter 11:41 PM |
| 11 Mazu's birthday | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 |
| 18 New Moon 3:43 AM | 19 Eid al-Fitr* | 20 Gemini season 1:13 PM | 21 | 22 | 23 Shavuot | 24 First Quarter 6:04 PM |
| 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 |
- 1 May Beltane. The start of summer in the Gaelic year, celebrated with bonfires, flowers and maypoles. Astronomical Beltane: 05/05/2053, 12:25 AM.
- 2 May Flower Moon (8:25 PM). Named for the flowers that bloom everywhere in May.
- 3 May Mercury cazimi (8:52 AM). Mercury is exactly in line with the Sun. Traditionally a planet this close to the Sun is called cazimi, “in the heart of the Sun”; how close counts varies between traditions, from about 16 or 17 arcminutes to about a degree.
- 11 May Mazu's birthday. Celebrated on the 23rd day of the third lunar month with processions, especially in Taiwan and Fujian. Learn more
- 19 May Eid al-Fitr. The festival of breaking the fast at the end of Ramadan. Begins at sundown the evening before. May vary by a day.
- 20 May Gemini season (1:13 PM). The Sun moves into Gemini, beginning Gemini season.
- 23 May Shavuot. The festival of weeks, celebrating the giving of the Torah and the wheat harvest. Begins at sundown the evening before.
June 2053
Strawberry Moon · 1 Jun
| Sun | Mon | Tue | Wed | Thu | Fri | Sat |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Strawberry Moon 11:03 AM | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 |
| 8 | 9 Last Quarter 2:20 PM | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 |
| 15 Saturn conjunct Pluto 12:30 PM | 16 New Moon 10:52 AM | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 Litha 8:58 PM Cancer season 8:58 PM Dragon Boat Festival Midsummer Eve | 21 |
| 22 | 23 First Quarter 2:56 AM | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 |
| 29 Mercury cazimi 1:27 AM | 30 |
- 1 Jun Strawberry Moon (11:03 AM). Named for the wild strawberries ready for gathering in June.
- 15 Jun Saturn conjunct Pluto (12:30 PM). Saturn and Pluto are exactly at the same degree of the zodiac. Exact 3 times as one of them moves back and forth: 06/15/2053, 07/10/2053, 02/02/2054; this is number 1.
- 20 Jun Litha (8:58 PM). Summer solstice. The longest day, at the height of the Sun's power. Litha is an old English name for the midsummer months.
- 20 Jun Cancer season (8:58 PM). The Sun moves into Cancer, beginning Cancer season.
- 20 Jun Dragon Boat Festival. Dragon boat races and sticky rice dumplings, remembering the poet Qu Yuan.
- 20 Jun Midsummer Eve. Midsommarafton in Sweden: maypoles, flower crowns and dancing, always on a Friday between June 19 and 25.
- 29 Jun Mercury cazimi (1:27 AM). Mercury is exactly in line with the Sun. Traditionally a planet this close to the Sun is called cazimi, “in the heart of the Sun”; how close counts varies between traditions, from about 16 or 17 arcminutes to about a degree.
July 2053
Buck Moon · 1 Jul
Blue Moon · 30 Jul
| Sun | Mon | Tue | Wed | Thu | Fri | Sat |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Buck Moon 2:01 AM | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | ||
| 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 Last Quarter 1:48 AM | 10 Saturn conjunct Pluto 10:50 AM | 11 | 12 |
| 13 | 14 | 15 New Moon 5:27 PM | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 |
| 20 | 21 | 22 First Quarter 2:16 PM Leo season 7:50 AM | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 Eid al-Adha* |
| 27 Reek Sunday | 28 | 29 | 30 Blue Moon 5:07 PM | 31 |
- 1 Jul Buck Moon (2:01 AM). Named for the new antlers growing on male deer in July.
- 10 Jul Saturn conjunct Pluto (10:50 AM). Saturn and Pluto are exactly at the same degree of the zodiac. Exact 3 times as one of them moves back and forth: 06/15/2053, 07/10/2053, 02/02/2054; this is number 2.
- 22 Jul Leo season (7:50 AM). The Sun moves into Leo, beginning Leo season.
- 26 Jul Eid al-Adha. The festival of sacrifice, during the pilgrimage to Mecca. Begins at sundown the evening before. May vary by a day.
- 27 Jul Reek Sunday. Pilgrims climb Croagh Patrick in County Mayo, a custom thought to continue the ancient Lughnasa gatherings.
- 30 Jul Blue Moon (5:07 PM). The second full moon in one calendar month, which happens about every two and a half years.
August 2053
Sturgeon Moon · 29 Aug
| Sun | Mon | Tue | Wed | Thu | Fri | Sat |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Lughnasadh | 2 | |||||
| 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 Last Quarter 10:26 AM | 8 | 9 |
| 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 Nemoralia | 14 New Moon 12:41 AM | 15 Islamic New Year* | 16 Mercury cazimi 12:54 AM |
| 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 Qixi | 21 First Quarter 4:27 AM | 22 Virgo season 3:05 PM | 23 |
| 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 Sturgeon Moon 7:53 AM | 30 |
| 31 |
- 1 Aug Lughnasadh. The first harvest, named for the Irish god Lugh; in England, Lammas ('loaf-mass'). Astronomical Lughnasadh: 08/07/2053, 12:19 AM.
- 13 Aug Nemoralia. Diana's torchlit festival at Lake Nemi, held around August 13–15. Learn more
- 15 Aug Islamic New Year. The first day of Muharram, beginning the new Hijri year. Begins at sundown the evening before. May vary by a day.
- 16 Aug Mercury cazimi (12:54 AM). Mercury is exactly in line with the Sun. Traditionally a planet this close to the Sun is called cazimi, “in the heart of the Sun”; how close counts varies between traditions, from about 16 or 17 arcminutes to about a degree.
- 20 Aug Qixi. The meeting of the Weaver Girl and the Cowherd, lovers parted by the Milky Way.
- 22 Aug Virgo season (3:05 PM). The Sun moves into Virgo, beginning Virgo season.
- 29 Aug Sturgeon Moon (7:53 AM). Named for the sturgeon most easily caught in the Great Lakes in late summer.
September 2053
Harvest Moon · 27 Sep
| Sun | Mon | Tue | Wed | Thu | Fri | Sat |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 Last Quarter 5:05 PM | 6 | |
| 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 New Moon 9:36 AM | 13 Rosh Hashanah |
| 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 First Quarter 9:29 PM | 20 Uranus trine Neptune 10:23 PM |
| 21 | 22 Mabon 1:03 PM Libra season 1:03 PM Yom Kippur | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 Mid-Autumn Festival | 27 Harvest Moon 9:51 PM Sukkot |
| 28 | 29 | 30 |
- 13 Sep Rosh Hashanah. The Jewish New Year, greeted with the shofar and apples dipped in honey. Begins at sundown the evening before.
- 20 Sep Uranus trine Neptune (10:23 PM). Uranus and Neptune are exactly 120° apart. Exact 7 times as one of them moves back and forth: 11/18/2051, 03/18/2052, 10/19/2052, 04/28/2053, 09/20/2053, 06/22/2054, 08/06/2054; this is number 5.
- 22 Sep Mabon (1:03 PM). Autumn equinox. Day and night in balance again at the second harvest. The name comes from Mabon, a figure in Welsh legend.
- 22 Sep Libra season (1:03 PM). The Sun moves into Libra, beginning Libra season.
- 22 Sep Yom Kippur. The Day of Atonement, the holiest day of the year, kept with fasting and prayer. Begins at sundown the evening before.
- 26 Sep Mid-Autumn Festival. Families admire the harvest moon and share mooncakes, honoring the moon goddess Chang'e. Learn more
- 27 Sep Harvest Moon (9:51 PM). The full moon nearest the September equinox. For several evenings it rises soon after sunset, giving farmers extra light to bring in the crops.
- 27 Sep Sukkot. The festival of booths, when families eat in a sukkah open to the sky. Begins at sundown the evening before.
October 2053
Hunter's Moon · 27 Oct
| Sun | Mon | Tue | Wed | Thu | Fri | Sat |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 Last Quarter 11:02 PM Jupiter trine Saturn 9:00 AM | |||
| 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 New Moon 8:54 PM |
| 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 Mars cazimi 4:58 PM | 17 | 18 |
| 19 First Quarter 4:54 PM | 20 Double Ninth | 21 Jupiter trine Pluto 5:28 AM | 22 Scorpio season 10:46 PM | 23 | 24 Mercury cazimi 4:51 AM | 25 |
| 26 | 27 Hunter's Moon 10:38 AM | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 Samhain Samhain Eve |
- 4 Oct Jupiter trine Saturn (9:00 AM). Jupiter and Saturn are exactly 120° apart. Exact 5 times as one of them moves back and forth: 11/25/2052, 03/02/2053, 10/04/2053, 07/08/2054, 07/27/2054; this is number 3.
- 16 Oct Mars cazimi (4:58 PM). Mars is exactly in line with the Sun. Traditionally a planet this close to the Sun is called cazimi, “in the heart of the Sun”; how close counts varies between traditions, from about 16 or 17 arcminutes to about a degree.
- 20 Oct Double Ninth. Chongyang: climbing hills, drinking chrysanthemum wine and honoring elders.
- 21 Oct Jupiter trine Pluto (5:28 AM). Jupiter and Pluto are exactly 120° apart.
- 22 Oct Scorpio season (10:46 PM). The Sun moves into Scorpio, beginning Scorpio season.
- 24 Oct Mercury cazimi (4:51 AM). Mercury is exactly in line with the Sun. Traditionally a planet this close to the Sun is called cazimi, “in the heart of the Sun”; how close counts varies between traditions, from about 16 or 17 arcminutes to about a degree.
- 27 Oct Hunter's Moon (10:38 AM). The full moon after the Harvest Moon, by whose light hunters tracked game for winter.
- 31 Oct Samhain. The Gaelic start of winter, when the veil to the otherworld was thin; the root of Halloween. Astronomical Samhain: 11/06/2053, 11:02 PM.
- 31 Oct Samhain Eve. Oíche Shamhna: bonfires, guising and divination games on the night when the otherworld draws near.
November 2053
Beaver Moon · 25 Nov
| Sun | Mon | Tue | Wed | Thu | Fri | Sat |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Samhain | ||||||
| 2 Día de los Muertos | 3 Last Quarter 5:37 AM | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 Jupiter cazimi 11:59 AM |
| 9 | 10 New Moon 10:55 AM | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 |
| 16 | 17 | 18 First Quarter 1:26 PM | 19 | 20 | 21 Sagittarius season 8:39 PM | 22 |
| 23 | 24 | 25 Beaver Moon 10:21 PM | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 |
| 30 |
- 1 Nov Samhain. Lá Samhna, the first day of winter in the Irish calendar.
- 2 Nov Día de los Muertos. Mexican families welcome back their dead with ofrendas, marigolds and sugar skulls, on November 1 and 2.
- 8 Nov Jupiter cazimi (11:59 AM). Jupiter is exactly in line with the Sun. Traditionally a planet this close to the Sun is called cazimi, “in the heart of the Sun”; how close counts varies between traditions, from about 16 or 17 arcminutes to about a degree.
- 21 Nov Sagittarius season (8:39 PM). The Sun moves into Sagittarius, beginning Sagittarius season.
- 25 Nov Beaver Moon (10:21 PM). Named for the time when beavers build their winter dams, and when trappers set their traps.
December 2053
Cold Moon · 25 Dec
| Sun | Mon | Tue | Wed | Thu | Fri | Sat |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 Last Quarter 2:05 PM | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 Hanukkah | |
| 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 New Moon 3:40 AM | 11 | 12 | 13 St Lucia's Day |
| 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 Mercury cazimi 10:49 PM | 18 First Quarter 9:11 AM | 19 | 20 |
| 21 Yule 10:11 AM Capricorn season 10:11 AM | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 Cold Moon 9:23 AM | 26 | 27 |
| 28 | 29 | 30 Venus cazimi 2:02 AM | 31 |
- 6 Dec Hanukkah. The festival of lights, eight nights of candles remembering the rededication of the Temple. Begins at sundown the evening before.
- 13 Dec St Lucia's Day. In Scandinavia, girls in white with crowns of candles bring light to the darkest time of year.
- 17 Dec Mercury cazimi (10:49 PM). Mercury is exactly in line with the Sun. Traditionally a planet this close to the Sun is called cazimi, “in the heart of the Sun”; how close counts varies between traditions, from about 16 or 17 arcminutes to about a degree.
- 21 Dec Yule (10:11 AM). Winter solstice. The longest night, when the Sun's return is celebrated with evergreens, candles and the Yule log.
- 21 Dec Capricorn season (10:11 AM). The Sun moves into Capricorn, beginning Capricorn season.
- 25 Dec Cold Moon (9:23 AM). Named for the long, cold nights of December.
- 30 Dec Venus cazimi (2:02 AM). Venus is exactly in line with the Sun. Traditionally a planet this close to the Sun is called cazimi, “in the heart of the Sun”; how close counts varies between traditions, from about 16 or 17 arcminutes to about a degree.